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Background Since the advent of ART, there has been a ray of hope for couples unable to conceive on their own or with slighter forms of assistance. Despite several crucial advancements, the ever-elusive implantation failure has not yet been completely understood thus a lucid explanation has yet to be found. Natural killer and NKT-like cell […]

Introduction The new reproductive technologies, such as IVF ICSI, are becoming increasingly common, enabling infertile couples to become parents and create families. One of the rare cause of male infertility is ejaculatory dysfunction i.e., retrograde ejaculation which is characterized by absent or very low semen volume. It contributes to 0.3-2% of male infertility [1]. The

Introduction A number of ovarian reserve markers have been proposed to predict ovarian response to gonadotropin, as well as pregnancy outcome during assisted reproduction treatment (ART) (1). Anti Mullerian hormone (AMH) is one such marker which is regarded as precise biomarker of ovarian ageing and reserves(2,3). AMH is a member ofthe transforming growth factor -beta

INTRODUCTION Ovarian stimulationis an important factor forthe success ofin vitrofertilization(IVF). There aretwomechanisms involved incontrolled ovarian stimulation (COH) − gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist and antagonist protocol. GnRH agonists initially produce a stimulation of the gonadotrophs resulting in secretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and the expected gonadal response. Although continuous administration initially

What do you mean by diminished egg/ovarian reserves? It is a condition of low fertility, when a female has low no. of eggs remaining in the ovaries or impaired egg development or recruitment. Causes of Low Egg/Ovarian Reserve? Low egg reserve may be because of advanced maternal age, premature ovarian failure, genetics, prior ovarian surgery,

What is Recurrent pregnancy loss? Recurrent pregnancy loss is habitual abortion i.e., 3 consecutive pregnancy loss prior to 20 weeks from last menstrual periods. Causes of pregnancy loss? Recurrent pregnancy loss is due to genetic or chromosomal problems of the embryos, or structural problem of the uterus. Treatment? Treatment involves a range of options including